Surveillance, Biosecurity and Vaccination: Three Pillars for Preparedness Against Avian Influenza

Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza (HPAI) remains one of the major global challenges for poultry production. Its dynamics are closely linked to the migration of wild aquatic birds, which serve as natural reservoirs and vectors across continents.


The role of bird migration in viral spread

Each autumn, millions of migratory birds travel between Africa, Europe and Asia. According to the World Organisation for Animal Health (WOAH), over 75 % of recent outbreaks in Europe are linked to these migratory routes and wetlands where the virus can persist for weeks.

Lower temperatures and higher humidity during autumn and winter prolong virus survival, making these seasons critical for poultry health and biosecurity measures.


Biosecurity and surveillance: first lines of defence

Preventing avian influenza begins with anticipation. Active surveillance and continuous biosecurity are the foundation of any effective strategy.

Key measures include:

• Controlling entry points, vehicles and visitors to poultry farms.
  
• Cleaning and disinfecting facilities and equipment regularly.
  
• Protecting feed and water from contact with wild birds.
  
• Maintaining adequate ventilation and environmental stability.
  
  
  Collaboration between veterinarians, producers and authorities is essential to detect early epidemiological changes and contain the disease promptly.
  
  
  Additionally, choosing the right disinfectants is essential. Products such as NOAN, with proven efficacy against avian influenza viruses and other relevant pathogens, help significantly reduce infection pressure in poultry operations.
  
  More technical information on composition and use.
  
  
  Vaccination as a support tool
  
  Vaccination does not replace biosecurity, but it can significantly reduce losses and sustain production during high-risk periods.
  
  WOAH and FAO studies show that authorised vaccines can reduce mortality by up to 92 % and morbidity by up to 94 %, without disrupting trade when used under regulated frameworks.
  
  The OFFLU network —a joint WOAH and FAO programme— publishes technical guidance such as OFFLU Guidelines for High Pathogenicity Avian Influenza Virus Risk Mitigation in Cattle, adaptable to poultry for improving response and reducing interspecies risks.
  
  
  Conclusion: preparedness today, food security tomorrow
  
  Bird migration sets the natural rhythm of avian influenza, but our response must be proactive, not reactive.
  
  Constant vigilance, rigorous biosecurity and strategic vaccination form the three pillars that safeguard animal health and global food supply.